Image
EAN-13	9780771035173
Product Name	A Peace To End All Peace: The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire And The Creation Of The Modern Middle East
Language	English
Category	Book / Magazine / Publication
Amazon.com	Buy on Amazon ~ 0805088091
Price New	11.08 US Dollars    (curriencies)
Price Used	9.94 US Dollars    (curriencies)
Width	1.19 inches    (convert)
Height	0.31 inches    (convert)
Length	5.28 inches    (convert)
Weight	18.24 ounces    (convert)
Author	David Fromkin
Page Count	688
Binding	Paperback
Published	07/21/2009
Features	Holt Paperbacks
Long Description	Published with a new afterword from the author―the classic, bestselling account of how the modern Middle East was created The Middle East has long been a region of rival religions, ideologies, nationalisms, and ambitions. All of these conflicts―including the hostilities between Arabs and Israelis, and the violent challenges posed by Iraq's competing sects―are rooted in the region's political inheritance: the arrangements, unities, and divisions imposed by the Allies after the First World War. In A Peace to End All Peace , David Fromkin reveals how and why the Allies drew lines on an empty map that remade the geography and politics of the Middle East. Focusing on the formative years of 1914 to 1922, when all seemed possible, he delivers in this sweeping and magisterial book the definitive account of this defining time, showing how the choices narrowed and the Middle East began along a road that led to the conflicts and confusion that continue to this day. A new afterword from Fromkin, written for this edition of the book, includes his invaluable, updated assessment of this region of the world today, and on what this history has to teach us.
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Article of interest

The Facing Identification Mark, or FIM, is used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) for the automation of mail processing. Basically, the FIM is a set of vertical bars that are printed on the upper edge of an envelop or postcard, slightly to the left of the stamp. It’s a nine digit barcode that consists of vertical bars and zeros, which are represented by the blank spaces.

The FIM’s primary function is to ensure that all mail is facing the proper way, to identify how the postage was paid (business reply, etc.) and whether or not the business reply mail has a POSTNET barcode. Should there be a POSTNET barcode, the mail can then be sent directly to the barcode sorter.

There are four different types of FIM barcodes, A, B, C and D.

• FIM A: Used for courtesy reply mail and metered reply mail with a preprinted POSTNET barcode.
• FIM B: Used for business reply mail without a preprinted ZIP+4 barcode.
• FIM C: Used for business reply mail with a preprinted ZIP+4 barcode.
• FIM D: Used only with IBI postage.

As far as standards are concerned, the FIM has to meet very specific guidelines:

• A FIM clear zone must not contain any printing other than the FIM pattern
• The rightmost bar of the FIM must be at least 2” (+/- 1/8”) from the right edge of each piece of mail
• Each FIM bar must be 5/8” high (+/- 1/8”) and 1/32” wide (+/- 0.008”)
• The tops of each FIM bar can’t be lower than 1/8” from the top edge of the mail
• The bottoms of each FIM bar can’t touch the bottom edge of the FIM clear zone, but can’t be more than 1/8” above or below the edge.